Family educator Lisa Benson-Nuyen addresses her students in a circle in the Northern Lights classroom at the Meadow Lakes CCS Early Learning, a Head Start center, in Wasilla, Alaska, in 2024. The center has since closed because of a lack of staff and money.
AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson
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AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson
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The Trump administration on Thursday proposed significant changes to Head Start, the nation’s early education program for children from low-income families. The move would diminish the program’s federal standards and give states and parents more control.
“We have 1,600 Head Start providers across the country,” Alex Adams, the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services’ assistant secretary for family support, said in a call with reporters. “And one-size-fits-all mandates from Washington cannot fully account for the realities facing these 1,600 grantees.”
Head Start not only provides preschool and childcare, but also meals and support services for qualifying families. It now serves more than 700,000 kids each year from birth to age 5.
Since its launch in 1965, the $12 billion HHS program has, for the most part, enjoyed bipartisan support. Lawmakers often cite it as a success — including Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. during the call with reporters announcing these changes. But in recent years, some conservatives have criticized Head Start, saying it wastes money and fails to have a lasting impact on students.
Aiming to cut costs
The new proposal would limit the amount of money Head Start centers can spend on administrative overhead, from a 15% cap to 5%. This change should save the government $2.2 billion, Adams said, which it plans to reinvest in the program. The goal is to create 200,000 more spots for children, he said.
To get those costs down, the administration said it proposes cutting regulations and “compliance-driven activities,” according to a press release. Similarly, they are shifting decisions about several standards — such as student-teacher ratios, education requirements, background checks and transportation practices — back to states.
Childcare providers are not sold on the proposal.
“If we look at the previous actions of the administration, what they have done is not in favor of expanding the program,” said Yvette Sanchez Fuentes, senior vice president with Start Early, an Illinois-based Head Start partner.
“Is it enough to just bring kids in the door if we’re not actually giving kids and families what they need?”
Sanchez Fuentes said administrative costs are not only things like payroll and day-to-day operations, but also help fill gaps in care. “If you, for example, have children with disabilities you [can use] some of those funds to pay for additional special services or staff with specialties who could come in and support kids.”
The administration’s proposal also says parents are children’s primary teachers and seeks to bring in more parent opinions on “structure and curriculum” into the classrooms and emphasizes nutrition and exercise.
Loosening the standards
Head Start’s current standards are laid out in a detailed 133-page guide. The manual is used not only by the program’s centers, but also by many unaffiliated private childcare centers across the country.
These standards include safety guidelines, spell out who is eligible for Head Start and provide detailed rules — such as the requirement that kids in the program brush their teeth once daily with fluoride toothpaste.
Erica Phillips, the executive director for the National Association for Family Child Care, said about 10% of her members are Early Head Start childcare partners, while the rest are home-based providers around the country.
“The Head Start performance standards were a consistent … evidence-based set of standards,” she said. “It can be helpful to have a nationally recognized benchmark.”
Phillips said her organization will be on the lookout for variations across states. She said she worries “quality is now dependent on your ZIP code or on your geography.”
The Trump administration sees it differently.
“Flexibility is permission. It’s not a mandate,” Adams said. “The opportunity for these programs to make a different decision does not necessarily mean they must make a different decision.”
The changes did not come as a complete surprise: The conservative Heritage Foundation has long criticized the program, saying it “doesn’t work.” In Project 2025, the foundation’s policy blueprint that the Trump administration has taken many cues from, the message is clear — eliminate Head Start.
Advocates see what they characterize as the erosion of quality and decrease in standards as the first step in dismantling the program.
A long runway
Thursday’s announcement came in the form of a notice of proposed rulemaking, or NPRM. It kicks off a lengthy, formalized process of public comment and talks with stakeholders. It could be six months to a year before any new standards take effect.
“I just really want folks to know Head Start is open,” said Tommy Sheridan, deputy director at the National Head Start Association (NHSA), a nonprofit that advocates for the program. “The quality of Head Start children and families truly comes from the people that are running Head Start programs. Those folks are going to be the same. They’re going to be able to do that.”
The administration says the NPRM will be published in the Federal Register on Friday and be open to public comment for 60 days.
Edited by: Natalie Escobar
